In the present study the time-course of DNA fragmentation following insulin-induced hypoglycemia was examined. In situ localization of DNA breaks were studied by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin- deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling method, and the temporal profile of DNA-fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis. Cell nuclei displayed terminal deoxynucleotidyl

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors on the depolarization associated with severe hypoglycemia, which is commonly preceded by one or a few transient depolarizations reminiscent of cortical spreading depression (CSD). In the cerebral cortices of rats [K+](e) and [Ca2+](e) were measured with ion-selective microelectrodes. NMD

Platelet aggregating sodium arachidonate was slowly infused into the internal carotid artery (1 mg, 100 µl, 1µl/s) of nitrous oxide anesthetized rats. The electroencephalographic activity recorded by a Cerebral Function Monitor from the injected hemisphere was reduced within minutes. The so matose nsory evoked responses to contralateral electrical stimulation of the whisker area were eliminated on

A model is described in which transient complete cerebral ischemia is induced in rats by intracardiac injection of potassium chloride. The animals were intubated and mechanically ventilated with a nitrous oxide/oxygen (70:30) mixture. Cardiac arrest was achieved following a brief period of ventricular fibrillation. After 5-6 min, the circulation was restored by cardiopulmonary resuscitation and pa

Ischemic brain insults are accompanied by several metabolic alterations. In the present review, the adverse reactions, which might be important for the outcome of these insults, are those related to phospholipid and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism triggered by the disturbed calcium ion homeostasis in combination with energy depletion following ischemia. These conditions lead to an activation

The effect of flunarizine, a calcium entry blocker, on ischaemic damage was investigated using a new model of forebrain ischaemia. Fasted rats were subjected to nine minutes ischaemia and one week recovery. One group served as control; a second was pretreated orally with flunarizine; a third group received postischaemic flunarizine treatment Focussing on the hippocampus, an area of high susceptibi

To study the influence of acidosis on free radical formation and lipid peroxidation in brain tissues, homogenates fortified with ferrous ions and, in some experiments, with ascorbic acid were equilibrated with 5–15% O2 at pH values of 7.0, 6.5, 6.0, and 5.0, with subsequent measurements of thiobarbituric acid-reactive (TBAR) material, as well as of water- and lipid-soluble antioxidants (glutathion

The effect of lesions of two excitatory afferent pathways on the cellular damage in the hippocampus following complete cerebral ischaemia was investigated in the rat Lesions transecting the perforant path led to a significant decrease in cellular damage in the hippocampal CA1 region ipsilateral to the lesion as compared to the contatterai side and to control. Lesions of the fimbria-fornix, on the

Abstract: The concentrations of cyclic AMP, noradrenaline, glycogen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, labile phosphate compounds, and free fatty acids were investigated in the rat neocortex and hippocampus during and following cerebral ischemia. An incomplete ischemia of 5 and 15 min duration was induced by bilateral carotid clamping combined with hypotension. The postischemic events were studied after

A detailed light- and electron-microscopic study of the damage to the rat dentate gyrus in hypoglycemia was undertaken, in view of the previously advanced hypothesis that hypoglycemic nerve cell injury is mediated by a released neurotoxin. The distribution of neuronal necrosis showed a relationship to the subarachnoid cisterns. Electron microscopy of the dentate granule cells and their apical dend

The kinetics of trypsin activation of pancreatic procolipase was investigated and the pH dependence of the binding of procolipase and colipase to a tributyrine-bile salt interface studied. The Km was 0.06 mM and Kcat 8 s-1, and was of the same order of magnitude as for the activation of pancreatic zymogens. At basic pH values colipase had a higher affinity for the tributyrine-bile salt interface a

The effects of inhaled 1,1,1-trichloroethane (3500, 6000, and 7800 ppm) on behavior, local cerebral blood flow, and local cerebral glucose consumption were studied in awake rats. The effect of the solvent inhalation on the EEG pattern and local cerebral blood flow was also studied in paralyzed animals under N2O analgesia. Exposure of awake animals to 6000 ppm 1,1,1-trichloroethane induced a decrea

Abstract: In the cerebral cortices of rats, during insulininduced hypoglycemia, changes in the concentrations of labile phosphate compounds [ATP, ADP, AMP, and phosphocreatine (PCr)] and glycolytic metabolites (lactate, pyruvate, and glucose) as well as phospholipids and free fatty acids (FFAs) were studied in relation to extracellular potassium and calcium activities. Changes in extracellular cal

ABSTRACT— A model is described in which transient ischemia is induced in rats anaesthetized with N2O:O2 (70:30) by bilateral carotid artery clamping combined with a lowering of mean arterial blood pressure to 50 mm Hg, the latter being achieved by bleeding, or by bleeding supplemented with administration of trimetaphan or phentolamine. By the use of intubation, muscle paralysis with suxamethonium

Calcium ion binding to phospholipase A2 and its zymogen has been studied by 43Ca NMR. The temperature dependence of the band shape of the calcium-43 NMR signal has been used to calculate the calcium ion exchange rate. The on-rate was calculated to be 5 × 106 M-1 s-1, which is 2 orders of magnitude less than the diffusion limit of the hydrated Ca2+ ion in water. The 43Ca quadrupole coupling constan