Användningen av riktade sanktioner mot fysiska och juridiska personer har ökat dramatiskt under de senaste årtiondena. Åtgärder som frysning av tillgångar och reseförbud har ersatt traditionella handelsembargon och blivit bland de vanligaste utrikes- och säkerhetspolitiska verktygen i internationella organisationer som EU och FN. Riktade sanktioner har dock fått utstå betydande kritik från ett mThe use of targeted sanctions against individuals and legal entities has rapidly increased during the last decades. Measures, such as freezing of assets and travel bans, have replaced comprehensive trade embargos and are now among the most frequently used foreign policy tools of international organisations like the European Union (EU) and the United Nations (UN). However, the use of targeted sanc

Det är lagen om offentlig upphandling som sätter de yttersta ramarna för hur upphandlande myndigheter ska gå tillväga vid inköp av varor, tjänster och byggentreprenader. Som utgångspunkt omfattas både statliga och kommunala myndigheter av bestämmelserna om offentlig upphandling. Desto svårare blir bedömningen när det gäller sådana organ som inte betraktas som myndigheter, men som samtidigt genom fThe Swedish Public Procurement Act is the legal framework that governs the proceedings of contracting authorities when purchasing public supply contracts, public service contracts and public works contracts. The legal framework on public procurement is applicable on both state authorities and municipal authorities. However, the rules are not clear in regard to the assessment of bodies that are not

This thesis explains why Swedish single women in 2016 got the right to assisted impregnation. By adopting a social constructivist perspective on social problems, the answer is found in the construction of problems and causes of problems in the policy process. Through a qualitative content analysis the result shows that the most significant social problem was that single women were discriminated, a

This thesis takes on the distribution of influence at the local level of the Church of Sweden from a legitimacy theory perspective. It is argued that the high levels of member resignation could be viewed as a manifested lack of confidence due to the failing legitimacy of the Church of Sweden. In order to continue the academic discussion on the democratic relation between the Church and its members

This paper examines how the Swedish police work with football-related disorder has changed. With a descriptive approach the paper analyses two reports from Brottsförebyggande rådet, an interview of supporterpolisen in Malmö and an interview of the President of MFF Support, the official supporters club of football club Malmo FF. The theory underlying the analysis is Critical Security Studies, two t

Since entering the European Union in 1995, Sweden’s union membership has affected different aspects of national politics. One such aspect is the changed role of the national administration. The aim of this thesis is to study how national agencies handle their responsibility of making information regarding their participation in the EU accessible to the public, and what effect it has on democratic

This bachelor thesis aims to shed light on the different developments in citizenship policies that has taken place in Sweden and Austria during the 20th and 21st century. In this effort I use Sara Goodman's theory on citizenship policy orientation- which relies heavily on the method of historical institutionalism - to explain why countries develop including/restrictive citizenship traditions.

The Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a market-based attempt to mitigate global greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, the mechanism is said to contribute to sustainable development in the Global South. This essay examines the forestry sector of the CDM, with the aim to illuminate the problematic nature of letting the market solve climate issues. By approaching the case fr

The aim of this thesis is to study the security concept presented in official speeches held by former Chinese president Hu Jintao and current president Xi Jinping in order to determine how their understanding of the security concept has affected Chinese politics during the years 2009-2016. It uses relevant security theory in order to explore different security ideals, and regime theory to understa

This thesis aims to study the representation of gender aspects in health policies from an international level down to regional Swedish level to see if the gendered perspective is present. It also aims to see how the Swedish region Gävleborg with their policy work can create possibilities for gender equality in health development. A feminist post structural theory and a policy analysis together wit

This paper highlights new challenges to Sweden’s psychological defense, brought on by new information and communication technology which by its nature divides society. By evaluating older theories regarding framing, the paper finds that not only the way information is spread but also the social practice in connection to it is changed by the decentralizing aspects of modern information technologies

Protesting against human rights violations is dangerous. Worldwide, human rights defenders are subject to violations ranging from harassment to murder. One way in which human rights defenders are silenced is through the misuse of the national judicial system where it is employed to punish human rights defenders for their work. Vague laws contribute to making this possible because they obfuscate th

How is the American security concept discursive constructed by the presidential candidates Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump during the election campaign 2016? By utilizing a discourse- theoretical analysis and a poststructural feminist perspective, the aim of this study is to explore how gender constructions operate in the discursive construction of the American security concept. The analysis is b

The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether tort liability claims against public authorities for breaches of the ECHR can be defined as a constitutional right in Swedish law. The theoretical definition of what constitutes a constitutional right is constructed through elements of Robert Alexy’s A Theory of Constitutional Rights. The theory is applied on the current applicable law regarding the

Problem med ordningsstörningar förekommer vid idrottsarrangemang och drabbar både idrotten och enskilda då det gör idrottsarenor till en osäker plats att besöka. För att komma till rätta med problemen har ett antal åtgärder vidtagits men inte lyckats stävja den negativa utvecklingen. Trots att det finns förbud mot ordningsstörningar och otillåten pyroteknikanvändning och möjligheter för polis och Problems with disturbances at sports arrangements is affecting both the game itself and the visitors at the events since it makes the stadiums an unsafe place to visit. A number of actions has been taken to manage the problems but has not been able to curb the negative trend. Although there is a prohibition against public disturbances and the use of pyrotechnics coupled with the fact that the poli

This thesis examines and discusses the relationship between social capital and bullying in Swedish schools. The study is based on two hypotheses built on inspiration from the social capital scientists Robert D. Putnam and Bo Rothstein. Both hypotheses aim to explain how social capital is created, and may affect the level of bullying in school. The study is conducted through two separate comparativ

This thesis looks at the role played by racial threat mechanisms in the persistence of felon disenfranchisement laws across the 50 American states. The US has a long history of disenfranchising its felons, and the motivations behind implementation of these laws has been mixed. The analysis employs two main theoretical frameworks: one of racial threat as an activating mechanism of mass opinion, as

This thesis will through qualitative content analysis and feminist methods study if the presence of female peacekeepers can prevent abuses conducted by the UN peacekeeping personnel against the local population in peacekeeping missions. This study is important as it asks to investigate a solution on how to prevent sexual exploitation and abuse. Moreover, the purpose of this paper is to understand

Syftet med regleringen av offentlig upphandling inom unionsrätten är att upprätthålla konkurrens och fri rörlighet på den inre marknaden inom Europeiska unionen. För att uppnå detta syfte finns ett grundläggande krav i upphandlingslagstiftningen på att offentliga kontrakt ska konkurrensutsättas genom annonsering. Trots det kan upphandlande myndigheter under vissa givna förutsättningar frångå kraveThe purpose of the regulation of public procurement in Community law is to maintain competition and free movement in the internal market within the European Union. To achieve this purpose it is a fundamental requirement of procurement legislation that public contracts must be subject to competition through prior publication of a contract notice. Nevertheless, contracting authorities are, under cer

Denna uppsats har särskilt inriktat sig på bedömningen av samtycke (eller frivillighet) och dess betydelse vid gränsdragningen mellan brottet våldtäkt mot barn och det mindre allvarliga brottet sexuellt utnyttjande av barn. I förarbetena uttalas att om gärningen är fullständigt frivillig och ömsesidig och barnet med hänsyn till sin utveckling och övriga omständigheter haft förmåga att bedöma och tThis paper has specifically focused on the assessment of consent (or voluntariness) and its importance in regards to the demarcation between the offence rape of a child and the less serious offence sexual exploitation of a child. In the preparatory work it is expressed that if the offence was completely voluntary and reciprosal and the child considering it’s development and other circumstances, ha