Permanent ponds are valuable freshwater systems and biodiversity hotspots. They provide diverse ecosystem services (ESs), including water quality improvement and supply, food provisioning, and biodiversity support, despite significant pressure from multiple anthropogenic stressors and the impacts of ongoing global change. However, ponds are largely overlooked in management plans and legislation, a

Diplomacy is changing. This chapter introduces diplomatic change in Britain in the period 1995–2015, and outlines the main questions and issues taken up in this book. It focuses specifically on the importance of discourses around public diplomacy, digital diplomacy and soft power as motivators and signifiers of organisational reform. The chapter establishes the background, research questions and c

Research into repair within the circular economy (CE) typically focuses on technical aspects of design, policy, and markets, and often assumes simplified conditions for the user/owner and the product system to explain the barriers to scaling repair activities. However, factors occurring at pre-use stages of the product's life cycle can significantly influence whether, and to what extent, repair is

This chapter examines the emergence of strategic diplomatic campaigning under David Miliband, in which efforts to “normalise” public diplomacy saw diplomacy itself become more campaign based. This includes a case study of the early parts of the Olympics 2012 promotional strategy; a renewed emphasis on the digital platform as a tool of influence, including the rollout of ambassadorial blogging and

This chapter examines the change of government in 2010 and the impact of austerity savings. It demonstrates the ways in which limited funding and the opportunities afforded by high-profile events such as the Pope’s visit to the UK, the Royal Wedding and the 2012 Olympics shaped an environment conducive to the creation of the GREAT branding campaign. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the w

I den här rapporten beskriver vi hur rättstillämpningen, såsom de n framkommer i 100 av Migrationsverkets beslut, 17 av myndighetens akter samt 20 tjänstemäns intervjusvar, stämmer överens med de rättigheter asylsökande barn har enligt barnkonventionen och de tilläggsprotokoll till konventionen som Sverige har ratificerat. Frågeställning en utgår från det uppdrag vi fick av barnrättighetsutredningI den här rapporten beskriver vi hur rättstillämpningen, såsom de n framkommer i 100 av Migrationsverkets beslut, 17 av myndighetens akter samt 20 tjänstemäns intervjusvar, stämmer överens med de rättigheter asylsökande barn har enligt barnkonventionen och de tilläggsprotokoll till konventionen som Sverige har ratificerat. Frågeställning en utgår från det uppdrag vi fick av barnrättighetsutredning

Through an analysis of 100 asylum decisions and 10 interviews with 20 asylum officers at the Swedish Migration Agency this article reveals two intricate processes through which children’s rights are displaced in the Swedish asylum process; by overlooking children’s individual claims for asylum through a circle of neglect, and negating children’s best interests. The article demonstrates how the bal

This chapter examines the emergence of nation brands discourse in the mid-1990s. It includes Robin Cook’s ethical foreign policy agenda which proposed a “people’s diplomacy”; the infamous discourses around Cool Britannia; a case study of the first contemporary diplomatic promotional campaign, new IMAGES, which was held in Australia in 1997; the major internal change study, Foresight; the Panel 200

Background & Aims: Evidence for the benefit of scheduled imaging for early detection of hepatobiliary malignancies in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is limited. We aimed to compare different follow-up strategies in PSC with the hypothesis that regular imaging improves survival. Methods: We collected retrospective data from 2975 PSC patients from 27 centres. Patients were followed from th

In ecology, multifunctionality metrics measure the simultaneous performance of multiple ecosystem functions. If species diversity describes the variety of species that together build the ecosystem, multifunctionality attempts to describe the variety of functions these species perform. A range of methods have been proposed to quantify multifunctionality, successively attempting to alleviate problem

This chapter examines how the Iraq War shook public confidence in government communications, and the impact of the Phillis Review upon public diplomacy theory and practice. It covers the Carter Review, which assessed levels of accountability in public diplomacy expenditure, and advised the creation of a new oversight board, the Public Diplomacy Board; efforts to make public and digital diplomacy p

The introduction takes off from the inspirational question raised by Cynthia Enloe (1990) over two decades ago: “Where are the women?” In the field of diplomacy, this problematic has received scant attention. The introduction provides for an elaborated discussion of the state-of-the-art in the study of gender, diplomacy and international negotiation. Three core research questions guide the advance

In this last chapter, a series of more general propositions about contemporary gender and diplomacy are identified from the contributions to this book. First, it provides a historical narrative on the exclusions and inclusions in diplomacy over time, suggesting the contours of general trends in the quest to end formal barriers and bring about gender parity. Second, it critically analyses the gende

Background: Measuring multiple and higher-order interaction effects between multiple categorical variables proves challenging. Objectives: To illustrate a multilevel modelling approach to studying complex interactions. Methods: We apply a two-level random-intercept linear regression to a binary outcome for individuals (level-1) nested within strata (level-2) defined by all observed combinations of

Abstract: The cerebellum is the largest sensorimotor structure in the brain. A fundamental organizational feature of its cortex is its division into a series of rostrocaudally elongated zones. These are defined by their inputs from specific parts of the inferior olive and Purkinje cell output to specific cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. However, little is known about how patterns of neuronal acti

This article critically reconstructs militant democracy’s ‘institutional conservatism’, a theoretical preference for institutions that restrain transformation. It offers two arguments, one historical and one normative. Firstly, it traces a historical development from a substantive to a procedural version of institutional conservatism from the traditional militant democratic thought of Schmitt, Loe

Introduction: Cyanide exposure can occur in various settings such as industry and metallurgy. The primary mechanism of injury is cellular hypoxia from Complex IV (CIV) inhibition. This leads to decreased ATP production and increased reactive oxygen species production. The brain and the heart are the organs most affected due to their high metabolic demand. While the cardiac effects of cyanide are w

Cancer plasticity is now a recognized new hallmark of cancer which is due to disturbances of cell differentiation programs. It is manifested not only in various forms like the best-known epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) but also in vasculogenic and megakaryocytic mimicries regulated by EMT-specific or less-specific transcription factors such as HIF1a or STAT1/2. Studies in the past decades