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Can pulsed ultrasound increase tissue damage during ischemia? A study of the effects of ultrasound on infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium in anesthetized pigs

BACKGROUND: The same mechanisms by which ultrasound enhances thrombolysis are described in connection with non-beneficial effects of ultrasound. The present safety study was therefore designed to explore effects of beneficial ultrasound characteristics on the infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium. METHODS: In an open chest porcine model (n = 17), myocardial infarction was induced by ligating a co

Embracing price discrimination: TRIPS and the suppression of parallel trade in pharmaceuticals

In December 2005, the WTO responded to the HIV/AIDS pharmaceutical crisis in the least developed world by voting to make the first permanent amendment to the WTO Agreements since their original negotiation during the Uruguay Round. New Article 31bis will amend the TRIPS Agreement to permit compulsory manufacturing licenses in order to facilitate supply of needed pharmaceuticals to those countries

Health Consequences of Catabolic Synthesis of Hippuric Acid in Humans.

Hippuric acid has been a major human metabolite for years. However, there is no well-known documented health benefit associated with it except for excretion of environmental-toxic exposures of aromatic compounds such as toluene, or from dietary protein degradation and re-synthesis by intestinal microflora metabolism of quinic acid via the shikimate pathway. Thus hippuric acid can appear in humans

Clonal repertoire diversification of a neutralizing cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B-specific antibody results in variants with diverse anti-viral properties.

Cytomegalovirus induces a chronic infection that in normal individuals is controlled by the immune system. In the case of humoral immunity, epitopes, in particular antigenic domain-1, in glycoprotein B have proven to be important for the induction of virus-neutralizing activity. Such antibodies can exert potent virus-neutralizing activity but can also block neutralizing antibodies from binding. Fu

Sjukvårdens metoder bör analyseras ur ett etiskt perspektiv.

Many methods exist for ethical analysis guiding decision-making. This essay presents only one method. Both facts and values are employed with this method and, as an example we use a Swedish preventative measure for individuals who abuse narcotics. The ethical analysis presupposes good knowledge of the case at hand and the approach recommended is a combination of stakeholder analysis and decision m

Den ädle terroristen

Om mannen som försökte döda Adolf Hitler 1944, Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg i tysk historieskrivning och amerikansk filmtradition

Blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes: further findings from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR-BP II).

OBJECTIVES: Estimate risks of coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD) with updated mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure in an observational study of patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Thirty-five thousand and forty-one patients treated with antihypertensive drugs, and 18 512 untreated patients, aged 30-75 years, without previous heart failure,